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علوم اجتماعی و جامعه شناسی::
طبقۀ حاکم
First, therefore, I shall define the opposition I have established between mode of production and pattern of development; next, I shall show that this leads to a parallel opposition between the ruling class and the state; I shall then position myself at the point of intersection between these two axes - the central position of sociology - in order to define their inter-relations.
The organization of labour produces a growth in productivity, and it is those who wield the organizational power who enjoy the resultant profit: they are the ruling class.
In order to draw a clear division between the two principal axes in the analysis of a society - the synchronic axis, that of functioning, and the diachronic axis, that of change -1 shall be speaking of the development not of a ruling class but of an elite, of a group which directs a historical change, nor of a popular class but of a mass, governed by the ruling elite.
The state is the chief agent behind the pattern of development, just as the ruling class is the dominant figure in a society.
These were or are capitalist societies 'par excellence', in which the ruling elite is the ruling class, and in which the state is in the hands of the bourgeoisie, at least within the national territory.
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